Deepest Part of Ocean (MARIANA) .

 




The Mariana Trench, located in the western Pacific Ocean, is the deepest part of the ocean and is named after the nearby Mariana Islands. This region of the ocean is home to some of the most extreme conditions on Earth, with immense pressure, darkness, and frigid temperatures. The deepest part of the Mariana Trench is known as the Challenger Deep, and it is a place that humans have only recently begun to explore.


The Challenger Deep is located in the southern part of the Mariana Trench and is roughly 36,000 feet (10,972 meters) deep. To put that in perspective, Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth, stands at 29,029 feet (8,848 meters) tall. If you were to place Mount Everest at the bottom of the Challenger Deep, there would still be over 6,000 feet (1,828 meters) of water above it.


The extreme pressure in the Challenger Deep is the result of the weight of the water above it. At the bottom of the trench, the pressure is over 8 tons per square inch (703,068 kilograms per square meter), which is equivalent to the weight of about 50 jumbo jets. This pressure is so intense that it can crush almost anything, including submarines and other deep-sea vehicles.


The darkness in the Challenger Deep is also extreme. At that depth, sunlight cannot penetrate the water, and there is no bioluminescence to provide any light. Despite this, some organisms are able to survive in this harsh environment. These include amphipods, which are small shrimp-like creatures that scavenge for food, and giant tube worms, which rely on bacteria that live inside them to convert chemicals from the seafloor into energy.


The temperature in the Challenger Deep is also frigid, hovering around freezing point. The water at the bottom of the trench is also denser than the water at the surface, which means that it has a lower freezing point. This creates a unique environment where the water is so cold and so dense that it is almost like a liquid rock.


Despite the extreme conditions in the Challenger Deep, humans have managed to explore it. The first expedition to the bottom of the trench was in 1960 when Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh reached the bottom in the bathyscaphe Trieste. Since then, several other expeditions have taken place, including a recent one in 2019 by filmmaker James Cameron, who made a solo descent to the bottom of the trench.


In conclusion, the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is one of the most extreme environments on Earth. The immense pressure, darkness, and frigid temperatures make it a challenging place for humans to explore, but it is also a place where unique organisms have adapted to survive. As our technology continues to advance, we may be able to learn even more about this mysterious and fascinating part of the ocean.

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